A poor relationship with the mother affects the child obesity
The fish reduces heart risk in young women
- Receive little attention in early negative effects generated
- Stress can increase appetite and overweight in adolescence
The care and attention that dispenses a mother to baby during its first months of life can have a significant influence on their development. This fact, already known by experts, has just added a new factor: infants who have had less close relationshipwith his mother are more likely to be obese in adolescence.
This was just showed in a new statistical study that followed more than 900 childrenfrom their first three months of life, when dealing with their mothers was subjected to repeated examinations, up to 15 years of age. At adolescence, children who showed a worse relationship with their mothers had significantly higher rates of obesity, even discounting other factors like education or income levels.
The study's authors, led by Sarah Anderson of Ohio State University (USA) measured the quality of the relationship between mother and baby by two parameters: maternal sensitivity and attachment security. The first was established from the interaction in game situations that were recorded on video. The second assessed the children's reactions in the presence or absence of their mothers, in controlled laboratory conditions.
Both were assessed positively the mother's ability to recognize the mood and needs of the child's tendency to explore this environment without fear, knowing it would bewell cared for and watched by his mother. Both parameters were measured repeatedly as children grew older, at 15, 24 and 36 months of age.
Levels of concern
When they turned 15, she noted that more than one quarter of children with low scores in these interactions with the mother showed worrying levels of obesity. In contrast, only 13% of those who were best served by the evidence presented this same problem.
Scientists point out that the quality of the relationship between mother and baby are a known factor in the regulation of emotions, neuronal development and stress response during the growth of children. In addition, stress management is related to abnormalities in physiological systems upon which the energy balance, which can lead to obesity.
"There is a overlap in the brain between the areas that govern the stress and energy balance," says Anderson, according to Reuters. "This stress response may be related to obesity through the regulation of appetite," adds the researcher. Nutrition experts remind, however, that the main factors of obesity are already known: poor diet, sedentary lifestyle or lack of sleep. Thus, Anderson acknowledges that "blame the parents will not solve the problem"
Young women may significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease through a habit as simple as eating more fish rich in omega 3 fatty acids, according to new Danish research focused on this population.
Compared with women who eat a diet rich in these fatty acids, those that rarely or never eat fish may pose a risk up to 90% higher, acuerco with the results presentedin the journal Hypertension: Journal of the American Heart Association '.
The researchers, from the Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen (Denmark), used data from a survey of pregnancies, in which data were collected from 49,000 Danish women between 15 and 49 years were questioned on their dietary habits, lifestyle and family history. Participants had a mean of eight years, from 1996. At this time there were five deaths due to cardiovascular causes no previous diagnosis.
In addition, there were 328 episodes caused by hypertension, 146 strokes and 103cardiac arrests. All these problems were much more common among women who ate small amounts of fish.
"To our knowledge, this is the first study of this size that has focused exclusively onwomen of childbearing age," says Dr. Marin Strøm, Center for Fetal Programming of that Danish institution. "Fish is the only source from which we can obtain significant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids," says Strøm
Keep in mind that women with diets low in fish also had generally higher rates of other risk factors such as obesity, smoking or alcohol consumption. Although they were also on average younger and more physically active.
Benefits in the short and long term
"The biggest challenge of getting this kind of health messages to younger populations is that the benefits are believed to occur in the very long term, perhaps in 30 or 40 years. But our study shows that this is not the case . We have seen a strong association with cardiovascular disease in women who were still in their late thirties, "says Dr. Strøm.
The specific study of the women is important because, although the cardiovascularsystem is similar to that of men, there are some differences, according to the authors."For example, inflammation, cholesterol and triglyceride levels may have a greaternegative influence among women," says Strøm, who, however, acknowledges: "We think that these fatty acids may also be beneficial to other groups."
Women who took supplements of omega 3 were excluded from the study, in order to observe the beneficial effect of taking these fatty acids in their natural form only, through the fish. Some of the foods rich in omega-3 are tuna, mackerel, cod, salmon,grouper and herring.
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